How Much Will It Cost to Melt a Snowfall?
Let's take New York as an example.
The land area of New York City is 790 km2. It is 30% roads. Fluffy snow is approximately 10% of the density of water. The recent snowfall was 26.8 in. It takes 333.55 J/g to melt snow. Putting this all together, we need a little over \(5\times10^{15}\) J of energy to melt all the snow on the streets of New York City.
At a price of 27¢ per kilowatt-hour (“New York values” are a matter of overpaying for everything), that would cost $400 million (more than the usual budget) and the winter isn't over yet.
But wait, there's more. That amount of energy would be a little over a megaton. In other words, we would be nuking the snow.
On the other hand, maybe I skipped a decimal point somewhere.
Past Posts with Some Relevance to a President Trump
Wednesday, January 23, 2008:
I'm leaning toward McCain on the grounds he's “conservative enough” but more deniable than Romney. If Romney wins, we'll spend the next 4 or 8 years explaining him away but if McCain wins we won't be held accountable for anything liberal he does. (I suspect that the greatest damage to conservatism is done by moderate Republicans who are not acknowledged as moderate, such as Nixon or George W. Bush. Moderate republicans who are acknowledged as moderate, such as Eisenhower or George H. W. Bush, are more harmless.)
Thursday, October 09, 2008:
If Obama is elected and doesn't govern from the center, the Republicans will almost certainly regain the House and probably the Senate in 2010 and possibly the White House in 2012. The problem is that the Wall Street faction of the Republican Party has taken itself out of consideration in the course of the past few weeks. In other words, we are likely to see nativists (and possibly protectionists) running the government in a few years.
We right-wing open-borders people might start looking at the theocratic wing of the Republican Party. (I promise that if I endorse Mike Huckabee for President on the blog, I'll throw up first.)
Saturday, October 06, 2007:
The fact that today's Republicans are more open to the lower classes has a disadvantage. Some of the new recruits are ot-nay oo-tay ight-bray.
Sunday, February 03, 2008:
One problem is that the usual climb to the top in politics requires a personality who believes in political power. The best way around that is to have a candidate who climbed high in the business, academic, or entertainment worlds before switching to politics. I suspect much of “political correctness” is for the purpose of ensuring that few future Reagans will come from the academic or entertainment worlds. On the other hand, there might be an adequate supply of conservatives from economics departments.
About the last one: Even some people outside of government can be statists.
Two Borders
The look of the border of North Korea is a well-known illustration of the problems with collectivism:
We can see clearly the difference between development and suppression of development.
The following is part of the border between the US and Mexico:
This also looks like a contrast between development and suppression of development … except that it's the developed country on the left.
If we continue to suppress human activity in the US, we might be in danger of turning into a bad example similar to North Korea.
But wait, there's more. Immigration restrictionists, while arguing with libertarians, frequently claim that letting in “Third-World people” will cause a takeover by statists. It looks like the Third-World invasion may help get rid of the regulatory state instead.
A Few Notes on UNSoNG
UNSoNG, a novel by Scott Alexander is currently being serialized. It starts with the Apollo 8 astronauts reading from Genesis (which, if I recall correctly, was criticized at the time for introducing “Babylonian cosmology” into what should have been a scientific endeavor), followed by them running into the crystal sphere surrounding the world.
One way to look at it is that it takes the straw-man argument of the preceding paragraph and made it real: that the world really does have a Babylonian cosmology.
Another way to look at it is that it's what happens when there's a buffer-overflow bug (assuming the Simulation Hypothesis). The data (in the form of a space capsule) overwrote part of the symbol table.
Does Donald Trump Represent “New York Values”?
I'm sure nearly all of my dozen or so readers have heard of Ted Cruz's claim that Donald Trump represents “New York values.” My initial reaction was that the only “New York value” that Donald Trump represents is that of being a braggart and that, according to stereotype, it also appears to be a Texas value.
More recently, Senator Cruz issued an apology, explaining that he only wanted to criticize the policies of Andrew Cuomo or Bill de Blasio instead of New York in general. My reaction: Apology accepted.
On the other hand, at first it's unclear what Donald Trump has in common with Andrew Cuomo or Bill de Blasio. After all, Donald Trump is regarded as being on the Right whereas Cuomo and de Blasio are the Left.
On the gripping hand, the policies of Cuomo and de Blasio that Ted Cruz criticized are based on the idea that we can provide prosperity by suppressing the “wrong” economic activities (fracking, low-wage work, or non-government schools) or even the “wrong” people (unwanted fetuses, gun owners, or people trying to avoid having anything to do with gay marriage) and Donald Trump represents the same idea, although the “wrong” economic activities involve foreign imports and the “wrong” people are immigrants.
Explaining Leonardo DiCaprio's Apparent Hypocrisy
At first sight, Leonardo DiCaprio's disapproval of greenhouse-gas emissions might look hypocritical considering his lifestyle. We must recall that leftists do not believe in consumer sovereignty. They believe that “businessmen” call the shots in all economic interactions. In other words, the oil and industries are forcing him to fly.
An Effect of “Ems”
One obvious effect of human brain emulations (also discussed here) is a large increase in population. That will have several effects.
A large population might need a far smaller proportion of scholars. Present day scholar recruitment (including the idea that the most prestigious job is that of training more scholars) might have been more appropriate to smaller populations.
Very-large populations should erase the obscurity trap, in which nobody uses a potentially-important technology because you can't find experts in it and nobody tries to learn it because you can't get a job in it. In a very large society, hobbyists can jump start nearly anything.
Increases in population size can affect moral standards. At present, in a world of a few billion humans, there are plausible-sounding calls for the currently most-powerful nation to right every wrong (e.g., “We can stop the Darfur famine.”) and plausible-sounding claims that picking and choosing between wrongs to right is hypocritical. I suspect that with a very large population, similar ideas would be regarded as obvious nonsense.
Human interactions can be classified into four types: communal sharing, equality matching, authority ranking, and market pricing. The first three have limits: Communal sharing fall apart over 150 (the Dunbar number); equality matching falls apart over a few thousand (the size of an ancient Greek city-state); and authority ranking fall apart over a few million (the size of a large hierarchical organization). Does market pricing also have a limit? If it does, we might find out in the Age of Em.
One Advantage of the Left
One advantage of the Left: They have organized a coalition of people with more free time than average.
Look at the components: The unemployed, tenured professors, college students, welfare recipients, artists on government grants, and childless people.
The Left can go protest something at a moment's notice. People on the Right can't. The Left can spend hours “reporting” on people they disagree with. People on the Right can't.
Who Supports “Muscle”?
I'm sure my fellow right-wing nutjobs have heard of the case of Melissa Click, the University of Missouri professor who called for “muscle” to eject a reporter. More recently, many University of Missouri professors have signed a petition defending her (seen via EconLog). I made a list of which departments included people who signed and how many from each department:
| 38 | Department of English |
| 10 | Department of German & Russian Studies |
| 10 | Department of Religious Studies |
| 9 | Department of Romance Languages & Literatures |
| 8 | Department of Women's & Gender Studies |
| 7 | Department of History |
| 7 | Department of Sociology |
| 4 | Department of Art History & Archaeology |
| 3 | Department of Black Studies |
| 3 | Department of Classical Studies |
| 3 | Department of Communication |
| 2 | School of Music |
| 2 | School of Journalism |
| 2 | Department of Art |
| 2 | Department of Psychological Sciences |
| 2 | Department of Health Sciences |
| 2 | School of Information Science & Learning Technologies |
| 2 | Department of Theater |
| 1 | Department of Rural Sociology |
| 1 | Center for English Language Learning |
| 1 | Department of Chemistry |
| 1 | School of Law |
| 1 | Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis |
| 1 | Department of Physics & Astronomy |
| 1 | Department of Biomedical Sciences |
| 1 | Department of Geography |
| 1 | Department of Philosophy |
| 125 | Total |
Only seven STEM and no mathematicians… Hmmmmm…
Would White-Collar Immigration Be a “Crisis”?
According to a Ted Cruz ad, if bankers, lawyers, and journalists were crossing the Rio Grande, immigration would be called a crisis.
On the other hand, speaking as a mathematician, when mathematicians “crossed the border” after the Soviet Union collapsed, I did not regard it as a crisis.
On the gripping hand, many mathematicians inside the United States did regard an earlier wave of refugee mathematicians as a crisis. In particular, Harvard kept out mathematicians fleeing the National Socialists. (Harvard's motto: We're Harvard; we can get away with anything.)
The real question: Does Ted Cruz have the decency to be embarrassed at this pandering?
A Suggestion for the American Mathematical Society
As I've said before:
Please note that the {subequations} environment in \(\rm\LaTeX\) will increment the main equation counter even when there are no equation numbers displayed. If you forget that, you might write an article in which the equation numbers skip from (17) to (20), causing the copy editors to wonder if you've discovered a new method of counting.
In view of the fact that authors frequently expect the {subequations} environment in \(\rm\LaTeX\) to not increment the main equation counter when there are no equation numbers displayed, it might make sense to redefine {subequations} to fit their expectations. This can be done as follows:
\newenvironment{subequations}{%
\refstepcounter{equation}%
\protected@edef\theparentequation{\theequation}%
\setcounter{parentequation}{\value{equation}}%
\setcounter{equation}{0}%
\def\theequation{\theparentequation\alph{equation}}%
\ignorespaces
}{%
\ifnum\c@equation=0%
\setcounter{equation}{\value{parentequation}}%
\addtocounter{equation}{-1}%
\else
\setcounter{equation}{\value{parentequation}}%
\fi
\ignorespacesafterend
}
On the other hand, it may interfere with someone's workflow.
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